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Fencer Intel
critical 9.8

CVE-2012-0391 kev in the critical feed json

Apache Struts Remote Java Code Execution

published 2012-01-08 14 y ago modified 2026-06-16 4 mo ago also GHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w , EUVD-2022-2464

cvss
9.8
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Exploited
added 2022-01-21
epss
75.6%
EPSS 75.6% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 99.5%
public exploits
3
Metasploit, Exploit-DB

Summary

The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.

Patch / fix

cisa required action Apply updates per vendor instructions.

  • maven org.apache.struts:struts2-core 2.2.3.1
  • maven org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core 2.2.3.1
  • apache struts 2.2.3.1

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2012-0391 updated cvss 6.8

struts: User input is evaluated as an OGNL expression when there's a conversion error

  • Red Hat All currently supported Red Hat products
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

Timeline

  1. First public exploit (Metasploit exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_exception_delegator)
  2. Published
  3. Added to CISA KEV
  4. CISA patch deadline
  5. CISA SSVC: exploitation active

Known exploited

Added
4 y ago
Patch by
2022-07-21 (4 y ago)
Ransomware
Not known
Required action
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
Vendor, product
Apache, Struts 2
CISA name
Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Active, exploited in the wild
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total
Assessed
20 mo ago

Exploit prediction

75.60% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 99.5% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-09).

Exploits and checks

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CISA ADP 3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
NVD 3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CNA 3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
NVD 2.0 9.3 AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
GitHub 3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
maven org.apache.struts:struts2-core
<2.2.3.1
2.2.3.1
maven org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core
<2.2.3.1
2.2.3.1

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-94 Improper Control of Generation of Code
  • CWE-20 Improper Input Validation

References

Sources

Fencer Intel keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.