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Fencer Intel
critical 9.3

CVE-2015-10141 json

Xdebug Remote Debugger Unauthenticated OS Command Execution

published 2025-07-23 15 mo ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also EUVD-2015-9401

cvss
9.3
version 4.0, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
7.1%
EPSS 7.1% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 94%
public exploits
1
Metasploit, plus a Nuclei check

Summary

An unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists within Xdebug versions 2.5.5 and earlier, a PHP debugging extension developed by Derick Rethans. When remote debugging is enabled, Xdebug listens on port 9000 and accepts debugger protocol commands without authentication. An attacker can send a crafted eval command over this interface to execute arbitrary PHP code, which may invoke system-level functions such as system() or passthru(). This results in full compromise of the host under the privileges of the web server user.

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2015-10141 updated cvss 5.6

xdebug: Xdebug Remote Debugger Command Execution

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 php-pecl-xdebug, php-pecl-xdebug3 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 php-pecl-xdebug3 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 php-pecl-xdebug3 Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces devspaces/udi-rhel8, devspaces/udi-rhel9
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

Timeline

  1. First public exploit (Metasploit exploit/unix/http/xdebug_unauth_exec)
  2. Published

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Proof of concept is public
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total
Assessed
15 mo ago

Exploit prediction

7.13% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 94% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-09).

Exploits and checks

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 4.0 9.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CNA 4.0 9.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Affected products

  • Xdebug Xdebug

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
  • CWE-306 Missing Authentication for Critical Functionality

References

Sources

Fencer Intel keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.