CVE-2015-7225 json
Tinfoil Devise-two-factor does not "burn" a successfully validated one-time password (OTP)
published 2017-09-06 9 y ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also GHSA-x489-jjwm-52g7 , EUVD-2018-0428
- cvss
- 5.3
- version 3.0, NVD
- cisa kev
- Not listed
- not in CISA's catalog
- epss
- 2.1%
- EPSS 2.1% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 81%
- public exploits
- 0
- none known
Summary
Tinfoil Devise-two-factor before 2.0.0 does not strictly follow section 5.2 of RFC 6238 and does not "burn" a successfully validated one-time password (aka OTP), which allows remote or physically proximate attackers with a target user's login credentials to log in as said user by obtaining the OTP through performing a man-in-the-middle attack between the provider and verifier, or shoulder surfing, and replaying the OTP in the current time-step.
Patch / fix
- rubygems devise-two-factor 2.0.0
- ruby-devise-two-factor Debian 12 2.0.0-1
debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2015-7225
Exploit prediction
2.06% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 81% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-09).
CVSS scores
| assigned by | version | score | vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| NVD | 3.0 | 5.3 | CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N |
| NVD | 2.0 | 3.5 | AV:N/AC:M/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N |
| GitHub | 3.0 | 5.3 | CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N |
Affected packages
| ecosystem | package | affected | fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| rubygems | devise-two-factor | <2.0.0 |
2.0.0 |
Classification
- Weakness
-
- CWE-254 7PK - Security Features
References
-
github.com
/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/blob/master/UPGRADING.md
web, third-party-advisory
-
openwall.com
/lists/oss-security/2015/09/17/2
mailing-list, web, vdb-entry
-
openwall.com
/lists/oss-security/2015/06/20/4
mailing-list, web, vdb-entry
-
securityfocus.com
/bid/76789
vdb-entry, third-party-advisory
-
bugs.debian.org
/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=798466
web, mailing-list, third-party-advisory
-
github.com
/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/issues/45#issuecomment-139335608
web, third-party-advisory
-
nvd.nist.gov
/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-7225
advisory
-
github.com
/advisories/GHSA-x489-jjwm-52g7
advisory
-
github.com
/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/devise-two-factor/CVE-2015-7225.yml
web
-
github.com
/tinfoil/devise-two-factor
package
-
web.archive.org
/web/20210122192452/https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76789
web
-
openwall.com
/lists/oss-security/2015/09/06/2
web
Sources
- CVE List CVE-2015-7225
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-x489-jjwm-52g7
- NVD CVE-2015-7225
Fencer Intel keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.