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Fencer Intel
high 7.3

CVE-2016-2098 in the critical feed json

actionpack allows remote code execution via application's unrestricted use of render method

published 2016-04-07 10 y ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also GHSA-78rc-8c29-p45g , EUVD-2017-0185

cvss
7.3
version 3.0, NVD
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
81.4%
EPSS 81.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 99.6%
public exploits
2
Metasploit, Exploit-DB

Summary

Action Pack in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.2, 4.x before 4.1.14.2, and 4.2.x before 4.2.5.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Ruby code by leveraging an application's unrestricted use of the render method.

Patch / fix

  • rubygems actionpack 3.2.22.2, 4.1.14.2, 4.2.5.2
  • rails Debian 14, Debian 13, Debian 12 2:4.2.5.2-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2016-2098

  • ruby193-rubygem-actionpack RHEL 2 SOFTWARE_COLLECTIONS 1:3.2.8-16.el6
  • ruby193-rubygem-actionpack RHEL 2 SOFTWARE_COLLECTIONS 1:3.2.8-16.el7
  • ruby193-rubygem-activerecord RHEL 2 SOFTWARE_COLLECTIONS 1:3.2.8-11.el6
  • ruby193-rubygem-activerecord RHEL 2 SOFTWARE_COLLECTIONS 1:3.2.8-11.el7
  • ruby193-rubygem-activesupport RHEL 2 SOFTWARE_COLLECTIONS 1:3.2.8-6.el6
  • ruby193-rubygem-activesupport RHEL 2 SOFTWARE_COLLECTIONS 1:3.2.8-6.el7
  • ror40-rubygem-actionpack RHEL 2 SOFTWARE_COLLECTIONS 1:4.0.2-7.el6
  • ror40-rubygem-actionpack RHEL 2 SOFTWARE_COLLECTIONS 1:4.0.2-7.el7

red hat advisories RHSA-2016:0455RHSA-2016:0454RHSA-2016:0456

  • rubygem-rails-4_2 OpenStack Cloud 7, OpenStack Cloud 6, Enterprise Storage 4 +1 more 4.2.9-3.3.1
  • rubygem-railties-4_2 OpenStack Cloud 7, OpenStack Cloud 6, Enterprise Storage 4 +1 more 4.2.9-3.3.1
  • rubygem-activejob-4_2 OpenStack Cloud 7, OpenStack Cloud 6, Enterprise Storage 4 +1 more 4.2.9-3.3.1
  • rubygem-actionpack-4_2 OpenStack Cloud 7, OpenStack Cloud 6, Enterprise Storage 4 +1 more 4.2.9-7.3.1
  • rubygem-actionview-4_2 OpenStack Cloud 7, OpenStack Cloud 6, Enterprise Storage 4 +1 more 4.2.9-9.3.1
  • rubygem-activemodel-4_2 OpenStack Cloud 7, OpenStack Cloud 6, Enterprise Storage 4 +1 more 4.2.9-6.3.1
  • rubygem-actionmailer-4_2 OpenStack Cloud 7, OpenStack Cloud 6, Enterprise Storage 4 +1 more 4.2.9-3.3.1
  • rubygem-activerecord-4_2 OpenStack Cloud 7, OpenStack Cloud 6, Enterprise Storage 4 +1 more 4.2.9-6.3.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2017:2716-1SUSE-SU-2016:1146-1SUSE-SU-2016:0967-1SUSE-SU-2016:0867-1SUSE-SU-2016:0854-1

  • rubygem-actionview-4_2 openSUSE Tumbleweed 5.0.0.1-1.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2024:10057-1

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2016-2098 updated cvss 6.8

rubygem-actionpack: code injection vulnerability in Action View

  • Red Hat CloudForms Management Engine 5 ruby193-rubygem-actionpack
    affected: no fix available
  • Red Hat Subscription Asset Manager rubygem-actionpack, ruby193-rubygem-actionpack
    affected: no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 6) ror40-rubygem-actionpack 4.0.2-7.el6, ror40-rubygem-activerecord 4.0.2-6.el6, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionpack 4.1.5-4.el6, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionview 4.1.5-5.el6, ror40-rubygem-activesupport 4.0.2-4.el6, ruby193-rubygem-actionpack 3.2.8-16.el6, +2 more Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) ror40-rubygem-actionpack 4.0.2-7.el7, ror40-rubygem-activerecord 4.0.2-6.el7, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionpack 4.1.5-4.el7, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionview 4.1.5-5.el7, ror40-rubygem-activesupport 4.0.2-4.el7, ruby193-rubygem-actionpack 3.2.8-16.el7, +2 more Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server EUS (v. 6.6) ror40-rubygem-actionpack 4.0.2-7.el6, ror40-rubygem-activerecord 4.0.2-6.el6, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionpack 4.1.5-4.el6, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionview 4.1.5-5.el6, ror40-rubygem-activesupport 4.0.2-4.el6, ruby193-rubygem-actionpack 3.2.8-16.el6, +2 more Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server EUS (v. 6.7) ror40-rubygem-actionpack 4.0.2-7.el6, ror40-rubygem-activerecord 4.0.2-6.el6, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionpack 4.1.5-4.el6, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionview 4.1.5-5.el6, ror40-rubygem-activesupport 4.0.2-4.el6, ruby193-rubygem-actionpack 3.2.8-16.el6, +2 more Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server EUS (v. 7.1) ror40-rubygem-actionpack 4.0.2-7.el7, ror40-rubygem-activerecord 4.0.2-6.el7, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionpack 4.1.5-4.el7, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionview 4.1.5-5.el7, ror40-rubygem-activesupport 4.0.2-4.el7, ruby193-rubygem-actionpack 3.2.8-16.el7, +2 more Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server EUS (v. 7.2) ror40-rubygem-actionpack 4.0.2-7.el7, ror40-rubygem-activerecord 4.0.2-6.el7, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionpack 4.1.5-4.el7, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionview 4.1.5-5.el7, ror40-rubygem-activesupport 4.0.2-4.el7, ruby193-rubygem-actionpack 3.2.8-16.el7, +2 more
    +2 more products
    Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 6) ror40-rubygem-actionpack 4.0.2-7.el6, ror40-rubygem-activerecord 4.0.2-6.el6, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionpack 4.1.5-4.el6, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionview 4.1.5-5.el6, ror40-rubygem-activesupport 4.0.2-4.el6, ruby193-rubygem-actionpack 3.2.8-16.el6, +2 more Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) ror40-rubygem-actionpack 4.0.2-7.el7, ror40-rubygem-activerecord 4.0.2-6.el7, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionpack 4.1.5-4.el7, rh-ror41-rubygem-actionview 4.1.5-5.el7, ror40-rubygem-activesupport 4.0.2-4.el7, ruby193-rubygem-actionpack 3.2.8-16.el7, +2 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2016:0456
  • Red Hat Software Collections rh-ror42-rubygem-actionview
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

Timeline

  1. First public exploit (Metasploit exploit/multi/http/rails_actionpack_inline_exec)
  2. Published

Exploit prediction

81.45% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 99.6% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-09).

Exploits and checks

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
NVD 3.0 7.3 CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
NVD 2.0 7.5 AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
GitHub 3.0 7.3 CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
rubygems actionpack
>=3.0.0, <3.2.22.2
>=4.0.0, <4.1.14.2
>=4.2.0, <4.2.5.2
3.2.22.2
4.1.14.2
4.2.5.2

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-20 Improper Input Validation
Technology feeds

References

Sources

Fencer Intel keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.