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Fencer Intel
critical 10.0

CVE-2024-28189 json

Judge0 vulnerable to Sandbox Escape Patch Bypass via chown running on Symbolic Link

published 2y ago modified 4mo ago also EUVD-2024-25312

cvss
10.0
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
7.2%
EPSS 7.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 94%
public exploits
1
Metasploit

Summary

Judge0 is an open-source online code execution system. The application uses the UNIX chown command on an untrusted file within the sandbox. An attacker can abuse this by creating a symbolic link (symlink) to a file outside the sandbox, allowing the attacker to run chown on arbitrary files outside of the sandbox. This vulnerability is not impactful on it's own, but it can be used to bypass the patch for CVE-2024-28185 and obtain a complete sandbox escape. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.13.1.

Patch / fix

Is CVE-2024-28189 in your stack? Fencer shows which of your repositories are affected as soon as an advisory lands, and opens the fix as a pull request.

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Timeline

  1. First public exploit (Metasploit exploit/linux/http/judge0_sandbox_escape_cve_2024_28189)
  2. Published

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Proof of concept is public
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total
Assessed
2y ago

Exploit prediction

7.21% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 94% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-11).

Exploits and checks

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 10.0 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

  • judge0 judge0

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-61 UNIX Symbolic Link (Symlink) Following
  • CWE-59 Improper Link Resolution Before File Access

References

Sources

Fencer Intel keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.