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medium 5.0

CVE-2025-1181 json

GNU Binutils ld elflink.c _bfd_elf_gc_mark_rsec memory corruption

published last yr. modified 4mo ago also EUVD-2025-2055

cvss
5.0
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.7%
EPSS 0.7% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 54%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

A vulnerability classified as critical was found in GNU Binutils 2.43. This vulnerability affects the function _bfd_elf_gc_mark_rsec of the file bfd/elflink.c of the component ld. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is 931494c9a89558acb36a03a340c01726545eef24. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

Patch / fix

  • binutils Debian 14 2.45-3

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2025-1181

  • binutils Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 2.38-4ubuntu2.8
  • binutils Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 2.42-4ubuntu2.5
  • binutils Ubuntu Pro 14.04 LTS 2.24-5ubuntu14.2+esm7
  • binutils Ubuntu Pro 16.04 LTS 2.26.1-1ubuntu1~16.04.8+esm13
  • binutils Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS 2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04.9+esm5
  • binutils Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS 2.34-6ubuntu1.11+esm1

ubuntu advisories UBUNTU-CVE-2025-1181

Ubuntu security data © Canonical Ltd., from https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-security-notices via OSV; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. CC BY-SA 4.0

  • binutils SLES 16.0, Linux Micro 6.2, SLES for SAP applications 16.0 2.45-160000.1.1
  • bpftool SLES for SAP applications 16.0, SLES 16.0 7.5.0-160000.2.3
  • binutils SLE Module for Package Hub 15 SP7, SLE Module for Package Hub 15 SP6, SLE Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 +18 more 2.45-150100.7.57.1
  • perf SLE Module for Development Tools 15 SP6, openSUSE Leap 15.6 6.4.0.git33229.a3afe13a7f-150600.3.17.1
  • perf SLE Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 6.4.0.git54263.0aad576b1c-150700.3.2.2
  • perf Enterprise Storage 7.1, SLES for SAP 15 SP3, SLES 15 SP3-LTSS +1 more 5.3.18-150300.38.7.1
  • perf SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS, SLES for SAP 15 SP4, SLES 15 SP4-LTSS +1 more 5.14.21-150400.44.20.1
  • perf SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOS, SLES for SAP 15 SP5, SLES 15 SP5-LTSS +1 more 5.14.21-150500.52.5.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2025:21195-1SUSE-SU-2025:21197-1SUSE-SU-2025:4096-1

  • binutils openSUSE Leap 16.0 2.45-160000.1.1
  • bpftool openSUSE Leap 16.0 7.5.0-160000.2.3
  • cross-rx-binutils openSUSE Leap 16.0 2.45-160000.1.1
  • cross-arm-binutils openSUSE Leap 16.0 2.45-160000.1.1
  • cross-avr-binutils openSUSE Leap 16.0 2.45-160000.1.1
  • cross-bpf-binutils openSUSE Leap 16.0 2.45-160000.1.1
  • cross-ppc-binutils openSUSE Leap 16.0 2.45-160000.1.1
  • cross-pru-binutils openSUSE Leap 16.0 2.45-160000.1.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2025:20150-1openSUSE-SU-2025:15651-1

  • binutils Azure Linux 3.0 2.41-4
  • binutils CBL-Mariner 2.0 2.37-13

azure linux advisories AZL-56558AZL-56664

Azure Linux vulnerability data, Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation, from https://github.com/microsoft/AzureLinuxVulnerabilityData via OSV, under the MIT licence; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. MIT

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Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2025-1181 updated cvss 5.0

binutils: GNU Binutils ld elflink.c _bfd_elf_gc_mark_rsec memory corruption

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 binutils Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 gdb, binutils, gdb-gdbserver Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 gdb, binutils, gdb-headless, gdb-gdbserver, mingw-binutils, mingw32-binutils, +9 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 gdb, binutils, gdb-minimal, gdb-headless, binutils-gold, gdb-gdbserver, +10 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 binutils, mingw-binutils, mingw32-binutils, mingw64-binutils
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Proof of concept is public
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
last yr.

Exploit prediction

0.71% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 54% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-11).

Exploits and checks

  • vuldb.com https://vuldb.com/?submit.495402 referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified
  • sourceware.org https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=32643 referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified
  • sourceware.org https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/attachment.cgi?id=15918 referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 4.0 2.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CNA 3.1 5.0 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
CNA 3.0 5.0 CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
CNA 2.0 5.1 AV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
CNA 4.0 2.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Affected products

  • GNU Binutils

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-119 Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

References

Sources

Fencer Intel keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.