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Fencer Intel
medium 4.7

CVE-2025-4598 json

Systemd-coredump: race condition that allows a local attacker to crash a suid program and gain read access to the resulting core dump

published last yr. modified 4d ago also EUVD-2025-16486

cvss
4.7
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
1.3%
EPSS 1.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 70%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

A vulnerability was found in systemd-coredump. This flaw allows an attacker to force a SUID process to crash and replace it with a non-SUID binary to access the original's privileged process coredump, allowing the attacker to read sensitive data, such as /etc/shadow content, loaded by the original process.

A SUID binary or process has a special type of permission, which allows the process to run with the file owner's permissions, regardless of the user executing the binary. This allows the process to access more restricted data than unprivileged users or processes would be able to. An attacker can leverage this flaw by forcing a SUID process to crash and force the Linux kernel to recycle the process PID before systemd-coredump can analyze the /proc/pid/auxv file. If the attacker wins the race condition, they gain access to the original's SUID process coredump file. They can read sensitive content loaded into memory by the original binary, affecting data confidentiality.

Patch / fix

  • systemd systemd-coredump 252.37, 253.32, 254.25, 255.19, 256.14, 257.6
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 0:257-23.el10
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 0:252-55.el9_7.7
  • Red Hat Red Hat Ceph Storage 7 7
  • Red Hat Red Hat Ceph Storage 8 8, 1769512383
  • Red Hat Red Hat Discovery 2 1767888970, 1767904573
  • Red Hat Red Hat Insights proxy 1.5 1.5.9-1765201856
  • systemd Debian 12 252.38-1~deb12u1
  • systemd Debian 14, Debian 13 257.6-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2025-4598

  • systemd Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 249.11-0ubuntu3.16
  • systemd Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 255.4-1ubuntu8.8
  • systemd Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS 245.4-4ubuntu3.24+esm1

ubuntu advisories UBUNTU-CVE-2025-4598

Ubuntu security data © Canonical Ltd., from https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-security-notices via OSV; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. CC BY-SA 4.0

  • systemd RHEL 10.2 257-23.el10
  • systemd-pam RHEL 10.2 257-23.el10
  • systemd-libs RHEL 10.2 257-23.el10
  • systemd-oomd RHEL 10.2 257-23.el10
  • systemd-udev RHEL 10.2 257-23.el10
  • systemd-ukify RHEL 10.2 257-23.el10
  • systemd-resolved RHEL 10.2 257-23.el10
  • systemd-container RHEL 10.2 257-23.el10

red hat advisories RHSA-2026:18153RHSA-2025:22660

  • systemd Linux Micro 6.1 254.27-slfo.1.1_1.1
  • systemd Linux Micro 6.0 254.27-1.1
  • systemd SLES for SAP 15 SP5, SLES for SAP 15 SP4, SLES 15 SP5-LTSS +10 more 249.17-150400.8.49.2
  • systemd SLE Module for Package Hub 15 SP7, SLE Module for Package Hub 15 SP6, SLE Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 +2 more 254.25-150600.4.40.1
  • systemd SLES for SAP 15 SP3, SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE Micro 5.2 +3 more 246.16-150300.7.60.1
  • systemd Linux Micro 6.1 254.25-slfo.1.1_1.1
  • systemd Linux Micro 6.0 254.25-1.1
  • systemd SLES LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5 228-157.72.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2025:20597-1SUSE-SU-2025:20554-1SUSE-SU-2025:02675-1SUSE-SU-2025:02244-1SUSE-SU-2025:02243-1SUSE-SU-2025:02019-1

  • systemd openSUSE Tumbleweed 257.7-1.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2025:15299-1

  • systemd AlmaLinux 9 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
  • systemd-pam AlmaLinux 9 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
  • systemd-libs AlmaLinux 9 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
  • systemd-oomd AlmaLinux 9 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
  • systemd-udev AlmaLinux 9 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
  • systemd-ukify AlmaLinux 9 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
  • systemd-resolved AlmaLinux 9 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
  • systemd-container AlmaLinux 9 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1

almalinux advisories ALSA-2025:22660

  • systemd Rocky Linux 10 257-23.el10_2.1.rocky.0.1
  • systemd Rocky Linux 9 252-55.el9_7.7.rocky.0.1

rocky linux advisories RLSA-2026:18153RLSA-2025:22660

  • systemd Azure Linux 3.0 255-24
  • systemd CBL-Mariner 2.0 250.3-23
  • kernel Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.2-2
  • kernel CBL-Mariner 2.0 5.15.186.1-1

azure linux advisories AZL-64289AZL-64292AZL-66702AZL-66704

Azure Linux vulnerability data, Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation, from https://github.com/microsoft/AzureLinuxVulnerabilityData via OSV, under the MIT licence; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. MIT

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Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2025-4598 updated cvss 4.7

systemd-coredump: race condition that allows a local attacker to crash a SUID program and gain read access to the resulting core dump

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 systemd, libgudev1, systemd-libs, systemd-sysv, systemd-python, systemd-networkd, +2 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 systemd, systemd-pam, systemd-libs, systemd-udev, systemd-tests, systemd-container, +1 more
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat Ceph Storage 7 rhceph
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:23234
  • Red Hat Ceph Storage 8 rhceph, rhceph 1769512383
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:1652
  • Red Hat Discovery 2 discovery 1767888970, discovery 1767904573
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:0414
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) systemd-ukify 252-55.el9_7.7, systemd-boot-unsigned 252-55.el9_7.7, systemd-journal-remote 252-55.el9_7.7
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22660
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) systemd-ukify 257-23.el10, systemd-boot-unsigned 257-23.el10, systemd-journal-remote 257-23.el10
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:18153
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) systemd 252-55.el9_7.7, systemd-pam 252-55.el9_7.7, systemd-libs 252-55.el9_7.7, systemd-oomd 252-55.el9_7.7, systemd-udev 252-55.el9_7.7, systemd-resolved 252-55.el9_7.7, +3 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22660
show 3 more
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10) systemd 257-23.el10, systemd-pam 257-23.el10, systemd-libs 257-23.el10, systemd-oomd 257-23.el10, systemd-udev 257-23.el10, systemd-resolved 257-23.el10, +2 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:18153
  • Red Hat Insights proxy 1.5 insights-proxy 1.5.9-1765201856
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22868
  • Red Hat Ceph Storage 7 rhceph Red Hat Ceph Storage 8 rhceph, rhceph 1768902743, rhceph 1768903190, rhceph 1768903749, rhceph 1768907469, rhceph 1768915405 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 NetworkManager, NetworkManager-ovs, NetworkManager-ppp, NetworkManager-tui, NetworkManager-adsl, NetworkManager-glib, +8 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 NetworkManager, NetworkManager-ovs, NetworkManager-ppp, NetworkManager-tui, NetworkManager-adsl, NetworkManager-team, +9 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 rpm-ostree, NetworkManager Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 systemd, systemd-pam, systemd-libs, systemd-oomd, systemd-udev, systemd-tests, +8 more
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

cisa ICSA-25-162-05 updated cvss 4.7

Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU family

  • Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AB0) >= 3.1.5 Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AC0) >= 3.1.5 Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AB0) >= 3.1.5 Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AC0) >= 3.1.5 Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6AG1518-4AX00-4AC0) >= 3.1.5
    affected: mitigation, no fix available

Facts from CISA's republication of the vendor's own advisory (CSAF); the linked advisory is the authoritative source. CISA notification · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Proof of concept is public
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
last yr.

Exploit prediction

1.28% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 70% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-09).

Exploits and checks

  • blogs.oracle.com https://blogs.oracle.com/linux/post/analysis-of-cve-2025-4598 referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified
  • ciq.com https://ciq.com/blog/the-real-danger-of-systemd-coredump-cve-2025-4598/ referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 4.7 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Affected products

  • systemd systemd-coredump
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
  • Red Hat Red Hat Ceph Storage 7
  • Red Hat Red Hat Ceph Storage 8
  • Red Hat Red Hat Discovery 2
  • Red Hat Red Hat Insights proxy 1.5
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4
  • Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP
  • Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP
  • Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-364 Signal Handler Race Condition
Technology feeds

References

Sources

Fencer Intel keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.