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Fencer Intel
high 8.8

CVE-2025-49581 json

XWiki allows remote code execution through default value of wiki macro wiki-type parameters

published last yr. modified 4mo ago also EUVD-2025-18284 , GHSA-9875-cw22-f7cx

cvss
8.8
version 3.1, NVD
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.6%
EPSS 0.6% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 50%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

XWiki is a generic wiki platform. Any user with edit right on a page (could be the user's profile) can execute code (Groovy, Python, Velocity) with programming right by defining a wiki macro. This allows full access to the whole XWiki installation. The main problem is that if a wiki macro parameter allows wiki syntax, its default value is executed with the rights of the author of the document where it is used. This can be exploited by overriding a macro like the children macro that is used in a page that has programming right like the page XWiki.ChildrenMacro and thus allows arbitrary script macros. This vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 16.4.7, 16.10.3 and 17.0.0 by executing wiki parameters with the rights of the wiki macro's author when the parameter's value is the default value.

Patch / fix

  • maven org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store 16.4.7, 16.10.3, 17.0.0
  • org.xwiki.platform xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store 12.0, 12.7, 16.4.7, 16.10.3, 17.0.0
  • xwiki xwiki 12.0, 12.7, 16.4.7, 16.10.3, 17.0.0

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CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total
Assessed
last yr.

Exploit prediction

0.63% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 50% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-09).

Exploits and checks

  • jira.xwiki.org https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-22760 referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 4.0 8.7 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CNA 4.0 8.7 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
NVD 3.1 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
maven org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store
>=11.10.11
>=12.6.3
>=12.8-rc-1, <16.4.7
>=16.5.0-rc-1, <16.10.3
>=17.0.0-rc-1, <17.0.0
16.4.7
16.10.3
17.0.0

Affected products

  • xwiki xwiki-platform

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-94 Improper Control of Generation of Code
  • CWE-270 Privilege Context Switching Error
  • CWE-250 Execution with Unnecessary Privileges

References

Sources

Fencer Intel keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.