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Fencer Intel
critical 9.8

CVE-2025-54481 json

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branc…

published last yr. modified 4mo ago also EUVD-2025-25682

cvss
9.8
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.7%
EPSS 0.7% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 53%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8744 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 3:

else if (tag==3) { // character code char v[17]; // [1] if (len>16) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag2 incorrect length %i>16\n",len); curPos += ifread(&v,1,len,hdr); v[len] = 0;

In this case, the overflowed buffer is the newly-declared `v` \[1\] instead of `buf`. Since `v` is only 17 bytes large, much smaller values of `len` (even those encoded using a single octet) can trigger an overflow in this code path.

Patch / fix

  • libbiosig_project libbiosig 3.9.1
  • biosig Debian 14 3.9.5-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2025-54481

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CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total
Assessed
last yr.

Exploit prediction

0.71% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 53% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-09).

Exploits and checks

  • talosintelligence.com https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234 referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

  • The Biosig Project libbiosig

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-121 Stack-based Buffer Overflow

References

Sources

Fencer Intel keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.