Skip to content
Fencer Intel
medium 6.1

CVE-2025-54571 json

ModSecurity's Insufficient Return Value Handling can Lead to XSS and Source Code Disclosure

published last yr. modified 2mo ago also BIT-modsecurity-2025-54571 , BIT-modsecurity2-2025-54571 , EUVD-2025-23662 , GHSA-cg44-9m43-3f9v

cvss
6.1
version 3.1, NVD
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.3%
EPSS 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 28%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

ModSecurity is an open source, cross platform web application firewall (WAF) engine for Apache, IIS and Nginx. In versions 2.9.11 and below, an attacker can override the HTTP response’s Content-Type, which could lead to several issues depending on the HTTP scenario. For example, we have demonstrated the potential for XSS and arbitrary script source code disclosure in the latest version of mod_security2. This issue is fixed in version 2.9.12.

Patch / fix

  • bitnami modsecurity 2.9.12
  • bitnami modsecurity2 2.9.12
  • owasp libmodsecurity 2.9.12
  • owasp modsecurity 2.9.12
  • owasp owasp_modsecurity 2.9.12
  • trustwave modsecurity 2.9.12
  • modsecurity-apache Debian 12 2.9.7-1+deb12u2
  • modsecurity-apache Debian 13 2.9.11-1+deb13u1
  • modsecurity-apache Debian 14 2.9.12-2

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2025-54571

  • apache2-mod_security2 SLE Module for Server Applications 15 SP7, SLE Module for Server Applications 15 SP6, openSUSE Leap 15.6 2.9.4-150400.3.12.1
  • apache2-mod_security2 SLES LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5 2.8.0-7.12.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2025:03423-1SUSE-SU-2025:03422-1

  • apache2-mod_security2 openSUSE Tumbleweed 2.9.12-1.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2025:15456-1

Is CVE-2025-54571 in your dependencies? Fencer shows which of your repositories are affected as soon as an advisory lands, and opens the fix as a pull request.

Check with Fencer

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2025-54571 updated cvss 5.3

mod_security: ModSecurity Content-Type Override Vulnerability

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 mod_security, mod_security-mlogc Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 mod_security, mod_security-mlogc Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 mod_security, mod_security-mlogc Red Hat JBoss Core Services mod_security
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Proof of concept is public
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
last yr.

Exploit prediction

0.35% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 28% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-09).

Exploits and checks

  • github.com https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/security/advisories/GHSA-cg44-9m43-3f9v referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified
  • github.com https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/issues/2514 referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 4.0 6.9 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CNA 4.0 6.9 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
NVD 3.1 6.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
bitnami modsecurity
<2.9.12
2.9.12
bitnami modsecurity2
<2.9.12
2.9.12

Affected products

  • owasp-modsecurity ModSecurity

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-252 Unchecked Return Value
  • CWE-79 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation

References

Sources

Fencer Intel keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.