CVE-2025-59936 json
get-jwks poisoned JWKS cache allows post-fetch issuer validation bypass
published last yr. modified last mo. also GHSA-qc2q-qhf3-235m , EUVD-2025-31349
- cvss
- 9.4
- version 3.0, CNA
- cisa kev
- Not listed
- not in CISA's catalog
- epss
- 0.4%
- EPSS 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 36%
- public exploits
- 0
- none known
Summary
get-jwks contains fetch utils for JWKS keys. In versions prior to 11.0.2, a vulnerability in get-jwks can lead to cache poisoning in the JWKS key-fetching mechanism. When the iss (issuer) claim is validated only after keys are retrieved from the cache, it is possible for cached keys from an unexpected issuer to be reused, resulting in a bypass of issuer validation. This design flaw enables a potential attack where a malicious actor crafts a pair of JWTs, the first one ensuring that a chosen public key is fetched and stored in the shared JWKS cache, and the second one leveraging that cached key to pass signature validation for a targeted iss value. The vulnerability will work only if the iss validation is done after the use of get-jwks for keys retrieval. This issue has been patched in version 11.0.2.
Patch / fix
Is CVE-2025-59936 in your dependencies? Fencer shows which of your repositories are affected as soon as an advisory lands, and opens the fix as a pull request.
Check with FencerCISA SSVC
- Exploitation
- Proof of concept is public
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- partial
- Assessed
- last yr.
Exploit prediction
0.42% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 36% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-09).
CVSS scores
| assigned by | version | score | vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA | 3.0 | 9.4 | CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L |
| GitHub | 3.0 | 9.4 | CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L |
Affected packages
| ecosystem | package | affected | fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| npm | get-jwks | <11.0.2 |
11.0.2 |
Affected products
- nearform get-jwks
Classification
- Weakness
-
- CWE-116 Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
References
Sources
- CVE List CVE-2025-59936
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-qc2q-qhf3-235m
- NVD CVE-2025-59936
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