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Fencer Intel
medium 6.1

CVE-2025-8591 json

Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via URL Parameter in Multiple WSO2 Products Enables UI Modification

published 4mo ago modified last mo. also EUVD-2025-210428

cvss
6.1
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.3%
EPSS 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 16%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

The software accepts user-supplied input via a URL parameter without adequate output encoding before reflecting it back to the user's browser. This condition allows an attacker to inject malicious script content into pages served by the application.

By leveraging this weakness, an attacker can cause the user's browser to redirect to a malicious website, modify the UI of the webpage, or retrieve information from the browser. However, the impact is mitigated by the use of httpOnly flags on session-related cookies, preventing session hijacking.

Patch / fix

  • WSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 5.10.0.381, 5.10.0.384, 6.0.0.255, 7.0.0.131, 7.1.0.21, 7.1.0.51
  • WSO2 WSO2 API Manager 3.1.0.355, 3.2.0.459, 3.2.1.78, 4.0.0.380, 4.1.0.243, 4.2.0.183, 4.3.0.94, 4.4.0.58, 4.5.0.43, 4.6.0.7
  • WSO2 WSO2 API Control Plane 4.5.0.44, 4.6.0.8
  • WSO2 WSO2 Traffic Manager 4.5.0.42, 4.6.0.7
  • WSO2 WSO2 Universal Gateway 4.5.0.42, 4.6.0.7
  • WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking AM 2.0.0.404
  • WSO2 WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager 5.10.0.375
  • WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking IAM 2.0.0.424

Is CVE-2025-8591 in your stack? Fencer shows which of your repositories are affected as soon as an advisory lands, and opens the fix as a pull request.

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CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
4mo ago

Exploit prediction

0.25% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 16% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-09).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 6.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Affected products

  • WSO2 WSO2 Identity Server
  • WSO2 WSO2 API Manager
  • WSO2 WSO2 API Control Plane
  • WSO2 WSO2 Traffic Manager
  • WSO2 WSO2 Universal Gateway
  • WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking AM
  • WSO2 WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager
  • WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking IAM

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-79 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation

References

Sources

Fencer Intel keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.