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Fencer Intel
medium 5.3

CVE-2026-102277 json

brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service

published last mo. modified last mo. also EUVD-2026-88551 , GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr

cvss
5.3
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.4%
EPSS 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 37%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The successive full-input rescans with linear working-string growth cause quadratic CPU time and memory pressure that can block the Node.js event loop. The process eventually recovers, making the impact a recoverable CPU denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12.

Patch / fix

  • npm brace-expansion 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, 5.0.12
  • brace_expansion_project brace_expansion 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, 5.0.12
  • juliangruber brace-expansion 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, 5.0.12
  • node-brace-expansion Debian 14 2.1.7+~1.1.2-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2026-102277

  • nodejs26 hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-bin hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-npm hummingbird 1 11.19.1-1.26.10.0.0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-libs hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-npm-bin hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-full-i18n hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs24 hummingbird 1 24.21.0-1.2.hum1
  • nodejs24-bin hummingbird 1 24.21.0-1.2.hum1

red hat advisories RHSA-2026:74168RHSA-2026:74167RHSA-2026:74161

  • agama-web-ui openSUSE Tumbleweed 25+475.275dd4727-56.1
  • pi-coding-agent openSUSE Leap 16.0 1.0.4-bp160.1.1
  • pi-coding-agent openSUSE Tumbleweed 1.0.0-1.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2026:12424-1openSUSE-SU-2026:22111-1openSUSE-SU-2026:11967-1

  • npm AlmaLinux 8 1:11.19.1-1.24.22.1.1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
  • nodejs AlmaLinux 8 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
  • nodejs-libs AlmaLinux 8 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
  • nodejs-nodemon AlmaLinux 8 3.1.14-2.module_el8.10.0+4250+09238ed4
  • nodejs-full-i18n AlmaLinux 8 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
  • nodejs-packaging AlmaLinux 8 2021.06-6.module_el8.10.0+4086+70facd4a
  • nodejs-packaging-bundler AlmaLinux 8 2021.06-6.module_el8.10.0+4086+70facd4a
  • npm AlmaLinux 9 1:11.19.1-1.24.22.1.3.module_el9.8.0+333+788f3075

almalinux advisories ALSA-2026:92376ALSA-2026:92378

  • nodejs Rocky Linux 9 1:24.22.1-3.module+el9.8.0+40401+e24b8c95
  • nodejs-nodemon Rocky Linux 9 3.1.14-3.module+el9.8.0+40281+14cc6568
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40165+d075e3f2
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.8.0+40164+8921ab53
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40052+e32ea525
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40153+4d595597
  • nodejs-nodemon Rocky Linux 8 3.1.14-2.module+el8.10.0+40277+b1b3f89e
  • nodejs-nodemon Rocky Linux 8 3.1.14-2.module+el8.10.0+40278+50b003a3

rocky linux advisories RLSA-2026:92378RLSA-2026:92376

Is CVE-2026-102277 in your dependencies? Fencer shows which of your repositories are affected as soon as an advisory lands, and opens the fix as a pull request.

Check with Fencer

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2026-102277 updated cvss 5.3

brace-expansion: brace-expansion: Denial of Service via crafted brace patterns

  • Red Hat Cost Management On Premise costmanagement/costmanagement-ui-rhel10 Red Hat Cryostat 4 cryostat/cryostat-openshift-console-plugin-rhel9 Red Hat Exploit Intelligence exploit-intelligence/vulnerability-analysis-rhel9 Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 8 mta/mta-ui-rhel9, mta/mta-nodejs-external-provider-rhel9 Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Containers rhmtc/openshift-migration-ui-rhel8 Red Hat Node HealthCheck Operator workload-availability/node-remediation-console-rhel8, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-rhel9-operator, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-operator-bundle, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-must-gather-rhel9
    +34 more products
    Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines openshift-pipelines/pipelines-hub-ui-rhel8, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-hub-ui-rhel9, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-rhel8, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-pf5-rhel9 Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 3 openshift-service-mesh/kiali-rhel9-operator, openshift-service-mesh/kiali-operator-bundle Red Hat 3scale API Management Platform 2 3scale-amp2/system-rhel8 Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2 rhacm2/volsync-rhel9, rhacm2/volsync-operator-bundle Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4 advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8, advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel9 Red Hat AMQ Broker 7 amq-broker-bin.zip, amq-broker-maven-repository.zip Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 automation-gateway, automation-controller, python3.11-azure-core, python3.12-azure-core, automation-platform-ui, automation-eda-controller, +14 more Red Hat build of Apache Camel - HawtIO 4 rhaf-hawtio-maven-repository.zip Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4 rhaf-camel-maven-repository.zip, rhaf-camel-spring-boot-maven-repository.zip, rhaf-camel-for-springboot-maven-repository.zip Red Hat Build of Keycloak rhbk-quarkus-dist.zip, keycloak-operator.redhat-00001.zip, keycloak-operator.redhat-00003.zip Red Hat Build of Podman Desktop rh-podman-desktop Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 cockpit-ceph-installer Red Hat Ceph Storage 9 libarrow, parquet-libs Red Hat Certification Program for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 redhat-certification-cnf Red Hat Connectivity Link 1 rhcl-1/rhcl-console-plugin-rhel9 Red Hat Data Grid 8 redhat-datagrid-maven-repository.zip Red Hat Developer Hub 1 rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9, rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-lightspeed-backend, rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-orchestrator-backend Red Hat Directory Server 11 389-ds-base Red Hat Directory Server 12 389-ds-base Red Hat Directory Server 13 389-ds-base Red Hat Discovery 2 discovery/discovery-ui-rhel9 Red Hat Edge Manager 1 rhem/flightctl-ui-rhel9, rhem/flightctl-ui-rhel10, rhem/flightctl-ui-ocp-rhel9, rhem/flightctl-ui-ocp-rhel10 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 rhsm-gtk, python-syspurpose, subscription-manager, subscription-manager-gui, subscription-manager-rhsm, subscription-manager-cockpit, +5 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 npm, pcs, rls, rust, cargo, clippy, +70 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 gjs, npm, pcs, rust, cargo, clippy, +66 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 pcs, rust, firefox, grafana, nodejs22, nodejs24, +14 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 rust, rhelai3/bootc-cuda-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-rocm-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-gaudi-rhel9, rhelai3/disk-image-cuda-rhel9 Red Hat Fuse 7 brace-expansion Red Hat Hardened Images rust, yarnpkg, dotnet8.0, llvm21 21.1.8-10.hum1, nodejs25 25.9.0-1.6.hum1, nodejs20 20.20.2-1.2.hum1, +5 more Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 jboss-eap-patch.zip, jboss-eap-maven-repository.zip, jboss-eap-full-maven-repository.zip, jboss-eap-runtime-maven-repository.zip, jboss-eap-incremental-maven-repository.zip Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 jboss-eap-runtime-maven-repository.zip, jboss-eap.1-runtime-maven-repository.zip Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack jboss-eap-runtime-maven-repository.zip, jboss-eap.1-runtime-maven-repository.zip Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) rhoai/odh-mlflow-rhel9, rhoai/odh-core-bff-rhel9, rhoai/odh-dashboard-rhel9, rhoai/odh-mod-arch-maas-rhel9, rhoai/odh-feature-server-rhel9, rhoai/odh-mod-arch-automl-rhel9, +8 more Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 openshift4/ose-console, openshift4/ose-console-rhel9, openshift4/ose-monitoring-plugin-rhel8, openshift4/ose-monitoring-plugin-rhel9, openshift4/nmstate-console-plugin-rhel9, openshift4/ose-agent-installer-ui-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”

10 more affected, 3 more fixed, 3 more not affected in the full advisory

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
last mo.

Exploit prediction

0.43% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 37% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-09).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 5.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
GitHub 3.1 5.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
npm brace-expansion
>=4.0.0, <5.0.12
>=3.0.0, <3.0.9
>=2.0.0, <2.1.7
<1.1.21
5.0.12
3.0.9
2.1.7
1.1.21

Affected products

  • juliangruber brace-expansion

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

References

Sources

Fencer Intel keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.