Skip to content
Fencer Intel
high 7.5

CVE-2026-102278 json

brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion on nested brace groups causing stack exhaustion

published last mo. modified last mo. also EUVD-2026-88555 , GHSA-qhr7-859c-m2p7

cvss
7.5
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.5%
EPSS 0.5% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 42%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.20, 2.1.6, 3.0.8, and 5.0.11, deeply nested brace groups cause expand_() to recurse once per nesting level at comma-member and single-set expansion sites, exhausting the native stack before output limits can apply and potentially terminating the Node.js process. expand_ performs uncontrolled recursion for nested brace alternatives and single-part sets. deeply nested brace groups supplied as an untrusted pattern. expand_ is affected. expand is affected. Comma members is affected. Single set is affected. native stack exhaustion during nested sub-expansion. process-terminating denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.20, 2.1.6, 3.0.8, and 5.0.11.

Patch / fix

  • npm brace-expansion 1.1.20, 2.1.6, 3.0.8, 5.0.11
  • brace_expansion_project brace_expansion 1.1.20, 2.1.6, 3.0.8, 5.0.11
  • juliangruber brace-expansion 1.1.20, 2.1.6, 3.0.8, 5.0.11
  • node-brace-expansion Debian 14 2.1.7+~1.1.2-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2026-102278

  • nodejs26 hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-bin hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-npm hummingbird 1 11.19.1-1.26.10.0.0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-libs hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-npm-bin hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-full-i18n hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs24 hummingbird 1 24.21.0-1.2.hum1
  • nodejs24-bin hummingbird 1 24.21.0-1.2.hum1

red hat advisories RHSA-2026:74168RHSA-2026:74167RHSA-2026:74161RHSA-2026:73916RHSA-2026:73914RHSA-2026:73856

  • pi-coding-agent openSUSE Leap 16.0 1.0.4-bp160.1.1
  • pi-coding-agent openSUSE Tumbleweed 1.0.0-1.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2026:22111-1openSUSE-SU-2026:11967-1

  • npm AlmaLinux 8 1:11.19.1-1.24.22.1.1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
  • nodejs AlmaLinux 8 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
  • nodejs-libs AlmaLinux 8 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
  • nodejs-nodemon AlmaLinux 8 3.1.14-2.module_el8.10.0+4250+09238ed4
  • nodejs-full-i18n AlmaLinux 8 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
  • nodejs-packaging AlmaLinux 8 2021.06-6.module_el8.10.0+4086+70facd4a
  • nodejs-packaging-bundler AlmaLinux 8 2021.06-6.module_el8.10.0+4086+70facd4a
  • npm AlmaLinux 9 1:11.19.1-1.24.22.1.3.module_el9.8.0+333+788f3075

almalinux advisories ALSA-2026:92376ALSA-2026:92378

  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40165+d075e3f2
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40052+e32ea525
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40153+4d595597
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.8.0+40164+8921ab53
  • nodejs-nodemon Rocky Linux 9 3.1.14-3.module+el9.8.0+40281+14cc6568
  • nodejs Rocky Linux 9 1:24.22.1-3.module+el9.8.0+40401+e24b8c95
  • nodejs-nodemon Rocky Linux 8 3.1.14-2.module+el8.10.0+40277+b1b3f89e
  • nodejs-nodemon Rocky Linux 8 3.1.14-2.module+el8.10.0+40278+50b003a3

rocky linux advisories RLSA-2026:96226RLSA-2026:96234RLSA-2026:92378RLSA-2026:92376

Is CVE-2026-102278 in your dependencies? Fencer shows which of your repositories are affected as soon as an advisory lands, and opens the fix as a pull request.

Check with Fencer

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2026-102278 updated cvss 6.5

brace-expansion: brace-expansion: Denial of Service via uncontrolled recursion in nested brace patterns

  • Red Hat Cost Management On Premise costmanagement/costmanagement-ui-rhel10 Red Hat Exploit Intelligence exploit-intelligence/vulnerability-analysis-rhel9 Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 8 mta/mta-ui-rhel9, mta/mta-nodejs-external-provider-rhel9 Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Containers rhmtc/openshift-migration-ui-rhel8 Red Hat Node HealthCheck Operator workload-availability/node-remediation-console-rhel8, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-rhel9-operator, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-operator-bundle, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-must-gather-rhel9 Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines openshift-pipelines/pipelines-hub-ui-rhel8, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-hub-ui-rhel9, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-rhel8, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-pf5-rhel9
    +1 more products
    Red Hat AMQ Broker 7 amq-broker-maven-repository.zip
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 automation-gateway, automation-controller, automation-platform-ui, automation-eda-controller
    affected: workaround, no fix available, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat build of Apache Camel - HawtIO 4 rhaf-hawtio-maven-repository.zip Red Hat Build of Keycloak rhbk-quarkus-dist.zip, keycloak-operator.redhat-00001.zip, keycloak-operator.redhat-00003.zip Red Hat Build of Podman Desktop rh-podman-desktop
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 cockpit-ceph-installer Red Hat Ceph Storage 9 libarrow, parquet-libs
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”
  • Red Hat Certification Program for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 redhat-certification-cnf Red Hat Connectivity Link 1 rhcl-1/rhcl-console-plugin-rhel9 Red Hat Developer Hub 1 rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9, rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-lightspeed-backend, rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-orchestrator-backend
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat Directory Server 11 389-ds-base Red Hat Directory Server 12 389-ds-base Red Hat Directory Server 13 389-ds-base
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 rhsm-gtk, python-syspurpose, subscription-manager, subscription-manager-gui, subscription-manager-rhsm, subscription-manager-cockpit, +5 more
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 npm, rls, rust, cargo, clippy, nodejs, +31 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 gjs, npm, rust, cargo, clippy, nodejs, +26 more
    affected: workaround, no fix available, no fix planned “Will not fix”
show 10 more
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 nodejs26, linux-sgx, cockpit-image-builder Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 rust, rhelai3/bootc-cuda-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-rocm-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-gaudi-rhel9, rhelai3/disk-image-cuda-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat Fuse 7 brace-expansion Red Hat Hardened Images nodejs25 25.9.0-1.6.hum1, nodejs20 20.20.2-1.2.hum1 Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 jboss-eap-patch.zip, jboss-eap-maven-repository.zip, jboss-eap-full-maven-repository.zip, jboss-eap-runtime-maven-repository.zip, jboss-eap-incremental-maven-repository.zip
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) rhoai/odh-mlflow-rhel9, rhoai/odh-core-bff-rhel9, rhoai/odh-dashboard-operator-rhel9, rhoai/odh-mod-arch-agent-ops-rhel9, rhoai/odh-workbench-codeserver-datascience-cpu-py312-rhel9 Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 openshift4/ose-console-rhel9, openshift4/ose-monitoring-plugin-rhel9, openshift4/ose-agent-installer-ui-rhel9 Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 5 openshift5/ose-console-rhel9, openshift5/ose-monitoring-plugin-rhel9, openshift5/nmstate-console-plugin-rhel9 Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4 odf4/mcg-core-rhel9, odf4/odf-console-rhel9, odf4/ocs-client-console-rhel9, odf4/odf-multicluster-console-rhel9 Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces devspaces/udi-rhel9, devspaces/code-rhel9, devspaces/openvsx-rhel9, devspaces/dashboard-rhel9, devspaces/jetbrains-ide-rhel9, devspaces/pluginregistry-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat OpenShift GitOps openshift-gitops-1/argocd-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat Quay 3 quay/quay-rhel8, quay/quay-rhel9 Red Hat Satellite 6 satellite/iop-advisor-frontend-rhel9, satellite/iop-vulnerability-frontend-rhel9, satellite/iop-host-inventory-frontend-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 rh-sso-server-dist.zip
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat Self-service automation portal 2 ansible-automation-platform/automation-portal, ansible-automation-platform/bootc-automation-portal-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat Cluster Observability Operator 1.5 cluster-observability-operator/logging-console-plugin-rhel9 1793660293, cluster-observability-operator/logging-console-plugin-rhel9 1793839292, cluster-observability-operator/logging-console-plugin-pf4-rhel9 1793660952, cluster-observability-operator/logging-console-plugin-pf4-rhel9 1793824934, cluster-observability-operator/distributed-tracing-console-plugin-pf4-rhel9 1793661804, cluster-observability-operator/distributed-tracing-console-plugin-pf4-rhel9 1793823428
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:95591
  • Red Hat Cryostat 4 on RHEL 9 cryostat/cryostat-openshift-console-plugin-rhel9 4.2.0-19
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:95360
  • Red Hat Discovery 2 discovery/discovery-ui-rhel9 1792603924, discovery/discovery-ui-rhel9 1793218530
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:92136

12 more fixed, 27 more not affected in the full advisory

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
last mo.

Exploit prediction

0.49% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 42% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-09).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
GitHub 3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
npm brace-expansion
>=4.0.0, <5.0.11
>=3.0.0, <3.0.8
>=2.0.0, <2.1.6
<1.1.20
5.0.11
3.0.8
2.1.6
1.1.20

Affected products

  • juliangruber brace-expansion

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-674 Uncontrolled Recursion

References

Sources

Fencer Intel keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.