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Fencer Intel
critical 9.8

CVE-2026-54626 json

SAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL TGA decoder (indexed-RLE bpp/stride mismatch)

published 5mo ago modified last mo. also EUVD-2026-82407 , GHSA-744p-cqg2-m33h

Unreviewed: the maintainers' own advisory

Published by the maintainers on their GitHub repository HappySeaFox/sail. GitHub has not reviewed it into the GitHub Advisory Database, so the affected packages and versions are the maintainers' word. Read the full advisory on GitHub.

cvss
9.8
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.8%
EPSS 0.8% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 56%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. In 0.9.10 and earlier, the TGA_INDEXED_RLE path selected by image_type == 9 allocates an image buffer using the one-byte-per-pixel SAIL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BPP8_INDEXED format returned by tga_private_sail_pixel_format() in src/sail-codecs/tga/helpers.c, while sail_codec_load_frame_v8_tga() in src/sail-codecs/tga/tga.c derives a two-to-four-byte pixel_size from an attacker-controlled header bpp value from 9 through 32. Loading a crafted color-mapped run-length-encoded TGA through sail_load_from_file() or sail_load_from_memory() therefore writes attacker-controlled bytes beyond the heap pixel buffer. The pixel-count clamp added for CVE-2026-40494 does not constrain the per-pixel write width, so this issue is an incomplete fix of that vulnerability and can cause heap corruption, a reliable crash, or potential code execution. This issue is fixed in version 1.0.0.

Patch / fix

  • sail sail 1.0.0
  • sail Debian 14 1.2.0-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2026-54626

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CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Proof of concept is public
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total
Assessed
last mo.

Exploit prediction

0.78% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 56% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-11).

Exploits and checks

  • github.com https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-744p-cqg2-m33h referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

  • HappySeaFox sail

Classification

Weakness

References

Sources

Fencer Intel keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

The maintainers of HappySeaFox/sail published their own advisory on GitHub. Reviewed sources take precedence over it.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.