SimpleWebAuthn: Registration verification does not sufficiently ensure that attestation certificates chain to a trust anchor

Summary

## Summary `validateCertificatePath()` does not verify that an attestation's certificate chain actually terminates at a configured trust anchor. When walking the chain it stops at the first self-signed certificate it finds (which could be user-supplied), and exits early.

This happens before the configured Apple/Google/etc trust anchor (which is concatenated to the end of the chain) is reached.

A user can therefore register a credential and have the server accept it as if it were backed by a genuine Apple / Android SafetyNet / Yubikey / etc.

## Details `packages/server/src/helpers/validateCertificatePath.ts`:

The configured trust anchor is appended to the end of the untrusted chain (line **83**):

```ts const x5cWithTrustAnchor = x5cCertsParsed.concat([anchor]); ```

The walk then verifies each cert was signed by the next, but breaks on the first self-signed cert (lines **104–116**):

```ts if (issuer.subject === issuer.issuer) { // Root cert detected, make sure it signed itself const issuerSignedIssuer = await issuer.verify( { publicKey: issuer.publicKey, signatureOnly: true }, WebCrypto, ); if (!issuerSignedIssuer) { throw new InvalidSubjectAndIssuer(); } break; // <-- exits before the appended trust anchor is ever checked if user supplied self-signed cert comes first } ```

The success condition is therefore "the certs form an internally-consistent chain ending in some self-signed cert" Rather than "the chain terminates at one of the configured trust anchors."

## Exploit shape

``` attacker sends: x5c = [ forgedLeaf (signed by attacker root), attackerSelfSignedRoot ]

library builds: [ forgedLeaf, attackerSelfSignedRoot, <configured Apple/Google/etc root> ]

walk: forgedLeaf -> attackerSelfSignedRoot (verifies, attacker controls both) attackerSelfSignedRoot is self-signed -> break attackerSelfSignedRoot -> configured root (NEVER CHECKED) ```

`return true`. The configured anchor never gets checked.

As far as observed, all attestation enforcement uses validateCertificatePath when using MDS etc.